Thursday, October 31, 2019

Critical analysis of the associated persons provisions of Part III of Essay - 1

Critical analysis of the associated persons provisions of Part III of the Family Law Act 1996 (in particular section s.62(3)) - Essay Example As the ‘associated persons’ clause has major influence in deciding the nature and extent of domestic violence, it has been mainly discussed under present study. A wide range of people are able to apply for orders under Part IV of family act 1996. Under the previous law, only current spouses and cohabitants could apply for non-molestation orders. Under the new Act, a number of different categories of "associated person" are able to apply for such an order, including current and former spouses, current and former cohabitants, those who have agreed to marry one another, and certain relatives. An associated person other than a spouse, former spouse, cohabitant, or former cohabitant may only apply for an occupation order on a property where they are already entitled to occupy it 2. There is a strong need to balance the interests of innocent associated persons and victims. Helen Reece discussed about the empirical, principled and empirical rationales relating to acts comprising of ‘associated persons’ clause. He opined that with reference to the empirical rationale, the extent of violence that the aggregate of associated persons suffers is not high enough to justify privileging associated persons over other citizens with regard to protection from violence. He also pointed that as far as the principled rationale is concerned, the impetus for domestic violence legislation was based on isolation and inequality, which are not experienced in particular by the category of associated persons when taken as a whole. As far as the ideological rationale is concerned, it is saddening to note that intimacy and equality are emerging as the touchstones of a newer rationale for domestic violence legislation, which rightly has more to do with isolation and inequality than intimacy and equality (Helen Reece, 2006). However thorough study and analysis of the section 62 (3) of Part IV of Family law act 1996 is necessary to critically evaluate the role of associated

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

How can TQM be Applied to Entrepreneurship Essay Example for Free

How can TQM be Applied to Entrepreneurship Essay Total Quality Management Defined Total Quality management refers to a management process and array of disciplines that are harmonized to ensure that the organization constantly meets and exceeds customer requirements. TQM connects all divisions, departments and levels of the organization. Good management organizes all of its strategy and operations around customer requirements and builds a culture with high employee participation. TQM companies are focused on the methodical management of data of all processes and practices to remove waste and follow constant improvement. Entrepreneurship Defined Entrepreneurship is defined as the process of creating something new with value by devoting the required time and effort, assuming the associated financial, psychic, and social risks, and receiving the resulting rewards of financial and personal satisfaction and independence. (Hisrich et al, 2005) TQM Application to Entrepreneurship: An Introduction Nowadays entrepreneurs are concerned about total quality management. This involves the pursuit of total customer satisfaction, constant improvement of products and the full involvement of every employee. As Total Quality Management has shown to be a useful process for improving organizational performance, its value can only be guaranteed through a wide-ranging and well  ¬thought-out execution process.   An initial step in TQM implementation is to evaluate the organizations existing reality: relevant prerequisites have to do with the organizations history, its present requirements, swift events leading to TQM, and the existing employee quality of working life. If the existing reality does not include important prerequisites, TQM implementation should be postponed until the organization is in a state in which TQM is likely to thrive. If an organization has a history of efficient receptiveness to the environment, and if it has been able to effectively change the way it functions when needed, TQM will be easier to apply. If an organization has been traditionally imprudent and has no skill at improving its operating systems, there will be both employee uncertainty and a lack of skilled change agents. If this condition exists, a broad program of management and leadership development may be established. A management audit (Sugarman, 1988) is a good evaluation tool to see current levels of organizational functioning and areas in need of change. An organization should be in essence healthy before beginning TQM. If it has major problems such as a very unsteady funding base, poor administrative systems, lack of managerial skill, or poor employee morale, TQM would not be fitting. All the same, a particular level of stress is perhaps desirable to start TQM: people need to feel a need for a change. Kanter (1983) focus on this phenomenon by describing building blocks which are present in efficient organizational change. These forces include departures from tradition, an emergency or galvanizing incident, strategic decisions, individual prime movers, and action vehicles. Departures from tradition are activities, generally at lower levels of the organization, which happens when entrepreneurs move outside the normal ways of operating to solve a problem. A predicament, if it is not too disabling, can also help create a sense of necessity which can activate people to act. In the case of TQM, this may be a funding cut or threat, or demands from consumers or other stakeholders for enhanced quality of service. After a crisis, a leader may get involved strategically by expressing a new vision of the future to help the organization deal with it. A plan to execute TQM may be such a strategic decision. Such a leader may then become a prime mover, who takes charge in advocating the new idea and showing others how it will help them get where they want to go. Lastly, action vehicles are needed: mechanisms or structures to facilitate the change to happen and become institutionalized. TQM Visionary Leadership Leadership is an important element in successful implementation of sweeping change. The leader shows the need and sets the vision, outlining the basic purpose, objectives, and factors or requirements of TQM. The leader needs to take a long-term outlook, and must be able to inspire others to stick with the process during early stages when resistance and obstacles may seem overwhelming. The favored leadership style would be a participative one, so that staff may be involved in the design of the particular system elements. Once that strategic direction has been established, a participative style may be used on implementation details. Before this decision, obviously, the manger should study TQM, talk to others who have used it, and possibly attend a preliminary training session. This is important in order for the manager to precisely assess the fit between TQM and his style. This will be necessary in establishing an organizational culture which is in agreement with TQM, promoting and strengthening continuous quality improvement (Cohen and Brand, 1993, 118). Conclusions To sum up, first assess requirements and the existing state of the organization to make sure the need for change is clear and that TQM is a proper strategy. Leadership styles and organizational culture must be congruent with TQM.   Entrepreneurs will need to keep their commitment, keep the process visible, provide necessary support, and hold people responsible for results. Use input from stakeholder as possible; and maximize employee involvement in design of the system.   TQM should be principle motivated. It can be a powerful technique for giving a free rein to employee ingenuity and potential, reducing bureaucracy and costs, and improving service to clients and the community. References Cohen, S. Brand, R. (1993), Total Quality Management in Government. San Francisco: Jossey ¬Bass, Inc. Hisrich, R. D., M. P. Peters and D. A. Shepherd, 2005, Entrepreneurship, 6th Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill. Kanter, R. (1983), The Change Masters. New York: Simon Schuster. Sugarman, B. (1988), The Well Managed Human Service Organization: Criteria for a Management Audit, Administration in Social Work. 12(2), 17 ¬27.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Phonetics in learning English

Phonetics in learning English Introduction The core of phonetic is to identify the characteristics of the sounds which human begins can use in language. Sounds can basically be divided into two types: vowels and consonants. Vowels are produced by altering the shape of the vocal tract by positioning of the tongue and lips. Consonants are sounds which are produced by the partial or complete construction of the vocal tract. The picture of how your mouth looks when you say sounds. (Sharon Widmayer and Holly Gray) image of articulators Your lips, teeth, tongue, nose, and roof of your mouth are all important for pronunciation. The epiglottis is also important. That is the thing that you use to hold your breath and to swallow. It closes your windpipe so the air cannot come out. The components of teaching the sound of English 1. Vowels Vowels are usually described by reference to five criteria, and these are adequate as a basic point of reference, although some vowel sound require more specification: the height reached by the highest point of the tongue (high, mid, low) , the part of the tongue which is raised (front, center, back), the shape formed by the lips (unrounded or spread, rounded) the position of the soft palate for oral vowels, lowered for nasal vowels, the duration of the vowel (short, long) Some Generalizations (Not Rules) about English vowels and spelling English vowels have long and short forms. The long form is the name of the letter: The short form is as follows: Long vowels are usually (but not always) indicated by a second (silent) vowel in the same syllable: Short vowels usually stand alone within a syllable and are often followed by double consonants: 2. Consonant sounds Consonant sounds have three basic features in their articulation: place of articulation, manager of articulation, and voicing. Consonants produce sounds that are more consistent and easier to identify than vowels. Therefore, they make a good starting point for learning to read. Initially, work should be done on identifying beginning consonant sounds (ex: t-t-t tulip). After that, activities can focus on identifying final consonant sounds (ex: cat ends with the t-t-t sound) When children learn to recognize the sounds of consonants at the beginning and end positions of words, they gain the ability to look at a word and make a reasonable guess as to what it might be. Viewing the word in the context of a picture will help reinforce this skill. (for example, a picture of a dog with the word DOG underneath. The ability to sound out the D and G letters will help the child identify that the word is DOG, not puppy or dalmation) The ideas and activities presented in this section will help children develop the following skills: identifying beginning consonant sounds distinguishing between two or more beginning consonant sounds identifying ending consonant sounds distinguishing between two or more ending consonants choosing words that have a particular beginning or ending consonant The following diagram shows the names of the various parts of the mouth involved in the production of English consonants: A = nasal cavityB = alveolar ridgeC = hard palateD = soft palate or velumE = lips and teethF = tongue 1 tip 2 blade 3 bodyG = uvulaH = larynx and vocal cordsv For each consonant, two parts of the mouth are involved, and the name given to it reflects this. Starting from the front, some consonants are made using both lips try saying /p/ /b/ /w/ and /m/ and these are called bilabial consonants (bilabial = two lips) Now try /f/ and /v/. This time its the bottom lip and top teeth which are involved. These are labiodental consonants (labio = lip, dental = teeth). For nearly all the other consonants, the tongue will interact with another part of the mouth. The name of the consonant doesnt include a reference to the tongue however, just the point of the mouth which it meets. So for instance, sounds made by an interaction between the tongue and the teeth are just called dental sounds. These are /t/, /d/ and the voiced and unvoiced th sounds: /  °/ as in this and /ÃŽ ¸/ as in thick . If you run your tongue back behind your teeth, you come to a bony ridge called the alveolar ridge. Several sounds are made on or just behind the ridge /s/ /z/ /t/ /d/ /n/ /r/ and /l/ Moving back from the alveolar ridge you come to a similarly hard but smoother zone the hard palate. /j/ as in yellow is a palatal sound, are as the highlighted consonants in the words sheep, measure, cheap and jeep. There is also a palatal version of the /r/ consonant. If you found it strange that it was classed before as alveolar, you may have been saying the palatal version. Notice that there is now a difference in the way the tongue is used. For the dental and alveolar sounds, it was the tip of the tongue which was involved. For palatal sounds, however, its the blade of the tongue, and as we move further back to the velum (the soft part of the palate, closest to the throat) its the back, or body, of the tongue. The velar sounds are /g/ and /k/ and the final consonants in sing and in bottle often called the dark l. This leaves only the consonant /h/ which is produced by air passing from the windpipe through the vocal cords, or glottis. Its therefore a glottal sound. Place of Articulation tells us where the consonants are produced, but we also need to consider Manner of Articulation how they are produced. The most important categories are: Plosives: Plosive sounds (also called stop sounds) are formed by the air being completely blocked in the mouth and then suddenly released. For example, /k/ and /g/ are formed when the back of the tongue rises to the velum and momentarily blocks the air. These are therefore velar plosives. The other plosive consonants of English are the bilabial plosives /p/ and /b/ and the alveolar plosives /t/ and /d/. Some varieties of English London English for example also include a glottal stop which substitutes for the /t/ consonant between vowels. Imagine a London pronunciation of butter, for example. Fricatives: Fricatives are formed when the two parts of the mouth approach each other closely, not completely blocking the passage of the air, but forcing it through a confined space. The air molecules start to bump against each other causing audible friction. Try the palatal fricative the sh sound. You can feel your tongue up close to the alveolar ridge and the air passing through the small space left. The full list of English fricatives is : labiodental fricatives /f/ and /v/; dental fricatives the two th sounds; alveolar fricatives /s/ and /z/; palatal fricatives /ʃ/ as in in sheep and /Ê’/ as in measure; and the glottal fricative /h/. Affricates: Affricates are really a plosive and a fricative combined. The air is initially blocked, and then released through a narrow passageway like a fricative. English has two affricates, the initial sounds in cheap and jeep / Ê / and /Ê ¤/. These are usually classed as palato-alveolar affricates, as theyre made in a position half way between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate. Nasals: when a nasal sound is produced, the air is prevented from going out through the mouth and is instead released through the nose. There are three English nasals the bilabial nasals /m/ and /n/ and the velar nasal /ņ¹/ the final consonant in sing. Approximant: Approximants are a bit of a hotch-potch category, and contain some of the most problematic sounds in English. Well look at them in detail another time, but for now will classify them together as sounds produced when the airstream moves around the tongue and out of the mouth with almost no obstruction. The English approximants are the alveolar approximants /l/ and /r/, the palatal approximant /j/, as in yes, and the dark l the velar approximant as in bottle. Keep in mind, however, that this is a simplification. This leaves the third distinguishing category which we discussed in the last article voicing. If the vocal cords are vibrated when the sound is made, the sound is voiced. If the are not, it is unvoiced. Several of the English consonants come in pairs. They have the same place and manner of articulation and are distinguished only by voicing (1). For example /t/ and /d/ are both alveolar plosives, but /t/ is unvoiced while /d/ is voiced. In the summarizing chart below, where pairs occur the unvoiced sound is always given first. 3. Sounds in connected speech Sounds are seldom produced in isolation. In connected speech (that is, any sequence spoken at natural speed), many sounds tend to be altered of modified by the sound immediately before of after them, especially at the boundaries between words. According to the Excerpt from Study Guide, Connected Speech is the key to gaining a natural, smooth-flowing style of speech. People do not speak in separate words; they speak in logical connected groups of words. Even native speakers sometimes stumble over their words because they are unaware of the little tricks for avoiding the pitfalls. Trained actors, of course, are able to deliver lengthy, complex, and even tongue-twisting passages flawlessly. This is not a gift. They have simply learned the rules for linking one word into another with intention. When youve finished this tape, youll know the rules, too; and with practice youll become a fluent, polished speaker. These are the steps for speaking in connected speech: Direct Linking: Linking final consonants directly into vowels Play and Link: Linking final consonants fully played and linked to fully played non-related consonants. Prepare and Link: Prepare for the final consonant, and execute related consonant that it is linking into. Weak Forms: A lot of the very small connecting words in speech are so de-emphasized, or unstressed, that they often take on a Weak Form. Contractions: We use these words so much that, we usually contract them together. Word Endings and Contractions: Common Word Endings (Suffixes).These are mostly unstressed, and should be treated like weak forms. Dialogues Practicing Word Endings and Contractions: These dialogues have a double emphasis. Practicing both Word Endings and Contractions within a context. Conclusion If other aspects of pronunciation are dealt with efficiently, sounds do not present such a problem. Again, much of the difficulty which students have when pronouncing English sounds comes, not from a physical inability to form them, but from language interference. This occurs when the student knows how an English word is spelt and pronounces it as if was written in his own language. It is important for a teacher to know how sounds are formed so that he understands what his students are doing wrong. References John Haycraft. (1978). An introduction to English language teaching. Longman: Longman Group Ltd.1978 Jones, D.(1998). The Pronunciation of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://www.kidzone.ws/kindergarten/consonants-intro.htm Kelly, G.(2000). How to Teach Pronunciation. Harlow: Peason. Ladefoged, P.(2005). Vowels and Consonants: Oxford: Blackwell. Steele,V.(2005) Connected Speech (Onlline). http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/(2005, May 29)

Friday, October 25, 2019

The Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio Essay -- Literary Analysis

â€Å"You are to look upon this grim opening as travelers on foot confront a steep, rugged mountain: beyond it lies a most enchanting plain which they appreciate all the more for having toiled up and down the mountain first,† (Boccaccio, pg. 7). The Decameron, by Giovanni Boccaccio embodies this verse. Until this time period, religion guided society like an invisible hand pushing everyone along. Throughout many generation religion evolved. From polytheism to monotheism, form idols to churches, people leaned on the virtues that religion presented, and led their lives accordingly. Everyone learned to submit themselves to the Church as they were too scared to pave their own virtuous way. Instead of using the Church as a guide they surrendered themselves completely becoming monkeys in the face of emperors. The Pope was no longer a messenger of God rather he was God-like himself for he too held scores of lives in his hands. The power that the sacred rulers grasped deceived them of their true abilities; they now acted as if they were gods despite their limiting human capabilities. The Popes now used â€Å"virtues† to elicit supremacy, opposed to using authority as an instrument to spread morality. Giovanni Boccaccio wishes to lift the veil and expose the church for what they have become. Using Satire he exposes the true actions of those in command. Though the road in revealing the corruption of the Church is jagged and rocky it allows for a new beginning. It allows everyone to discover â€Å"a most enchanting plain.† While many praise Boccaccio for his disclosure of the Church there still are menacing effects of such an action. He boots the Church off of its pedestal leaving an open seat for the next ruler. While the church may have been crooked Bo... ...ety to a better world was convoluted and crooked. Boccaccio laid out many examples and effects that the church had on civilization in hopes to overcome the fraudulent society that everyone depended on. Life is about living. Human competence has the ability to meld the physical world and the spiritual world into one boulevard. Life is about experiencing freedom. Freedom to control one’s actions, freedom to choose one’s leader and freedom to grow past difficulties. In The Decameron, Boccaccio tried to give everyone their freedom back. Bibliography Alchin, Linda. "Middle Ages." Middle Ages. Online. September 20 2006 16 December 2010. "Avatar ." Avatar; The Journey Continues. Online. 2010 16 December 2010. Boccaccio, Giovanni. The Decameron. New York: Oxford, 1998.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Essence of Educational Tour Essay

NARRATIVE REPORT â€Å"The World is a book and those who do not travel read only a page†Ã¢â‚¬â€St. Augustine. Educational Tour is part of the students’ journey towards learning. Learning is not only limited inside the four (4) walls of the classroom, because we learn best when we are exposed to new experiences and things around us. I, for one, I’m looking at tours optimistically, that with the help of bringing the students’ outside, they tend to discover new things that they’re actually involved. During our educational tour dated September 11-13, we’ve gone to Cebu City, the Queen City of the South. I, together with my co-students who are second year, third year and fourth year witnessed how it was really great to be exposed in some schools around Cebu. We are there not only to merely have fun; rather we are there to learn lots of things that are in line with our chosen field or specializations. We’ve gone to different schools namely CNU (Cebu Normal University), Cebu Braille Center, SWU (Southwestern University). USJR (University of San Jose Recoletos), Saint Ezekiel Moreno Learning Center, Lapu-Lapu City Elementary School and Mandaue Sped Center. All of these schools provided all the needs that every student/pupil is to acquire as it is concern in educational system. During our visit, I was amazed on the facilities and services they provided to their students, in CNU (Cebu Normal University), they first introduced the history of where, how, and when did Cenu Normal University has started, its founder, its origin and how it evolves to become one of the best school around Cebu, they brought us to Cebu Braille Center and explained to us that they were not owning this center, but because they wanted to help those special children, they let this center be in their community and later then they would want to find ways and means to adopt this center as to be included in the Cebu Normal University Program. As I visit the center, I was very happy to saw how the students and pupils were trying their best to learn despite of their conditions, I was also touched by those teachers who render services to teach the students, and was greatly dumbfounded when I discovered that those visually impaired graduates of their very own center, were there to teach those s tudents like them also. There were different facilities that could be  found also, this facilities or resources were highly needed by the visually impaired learners, these were some of the resources found: a) perkins brailler, which is actually some sort of type writer for the visually impaired, b) perkins printer, c) vector voice gadget, that records the things that they should study, d) talking calculator, e) cane, f) Braille letters/cards. I observed that their materials involve sounds or voice as well as to touch. And I am still amazed how they can still manage to live life while smiling and I tend to cry knowing how brave and strong they were. The next school we visited was the Southwestern University wherein I’ve discovered a teacher teaching kindergarten and was able to realize that in order to catch the attention of your learner, you should make use of a teaching strategy, and the teaching strategy she actually used was playing guitar that introduces her lesson which was all about vowel let ters. I was really enjoyed looking at the teacher and the learners learning together. That was a kind of fulfilling moment on the part of the teacher. She was not only a teacher that time; she also became a singer and a guitarist. How wonderful to looked at the learners’ faces enjoying the lesson. Another school we visited was the University of San Jose University Recoletos and Saint Ezekiel Moreno Learning Center and they welcomed us warmly, there I’ve known Ma’am Joynalyn Ceballos who speaks about the courses offered in the school, the programs they have and the policies they practice to produce a good student. We also visited there library, and upon entering our jaw dropped for a while because of their library that was absolutely stunning. Their library was built properly, its structure that almost stops everyone who entered. They have their books on their second floor which looks like a compilation of books slightly closed to the roof. They also have their Laptop area, a kind of table that able you to charge your laptop when the need arises. They have also a book check and a machine that tends to give an alarm when the books you’ve borrowed were not checked properly by the book check machine. So, there’s no reason to lose their books there. And Mrs. Ma. Socorro L. Padilla, their Librarian explained this all. We also visited their Data Distribution center where all the internet connections are controlled, and I saw a huge kind of cabinet made of steel and iron and have talked to Sir Rodelo Acasio, their programmer and controller. I also interviewed Mrs. Concepcion Delos Reyes, the secretary of the College of  Education, and she told me that they have 20 faculties in the school both part time and full time. And in St. Ezekiel, we observed the Special Children having their program. I felt terribly moved by what I saw, because I can’t even imagine myself be in their position, I felt very happy an d somewhat like sad. Happy because they were given opportunity to be involved in that kind of event and also sad, knowing how hard it was to be in their situation. The next school we visited was Lapu-Lapu City Elementary School and observed a Special Education class as well as the different grade year levels, and I was able to witnessed how the gifted or the fast learner students could actually sang a full song with a fast beat even if they were still in grade 1. I therefore realized that the learners in grade1 have special gifts that actually beyond any normal children does have. Lastly, was the Mandue Sped Center, and Maria Delia Minoza the principal had a lecture or talked about Special Education, their special needs, the different kinds of special children, their capabilities and the services as a Sped Teacher should have in teaching different kinds of special children. She also added that SPED TEACHERS are just like Gaisano Mall, 1 store but has it all. Same as when you are a Sped Teacher, 1 classro om, but has all the intelligences of the special children that you should control. I was able to saw the bakery of the center, headed by Ma’am Carolina F. Ambray. She told me that the bakery was there to help the special children to knew how to bake, and she also added that the bakery was itself controlled by those children with Autism and disability. They were the one who bake, make some cookies, cakes and breads. They also have waving machine, a machine that creates or produces cloth such as shawl or bags made by abacca. And with all these, I was being surprised because just like us who do not have disability, special children were productive also in their own little way. All that I’ve discovered were never been this amazing. I was very surprised, amazed, grateful and with mixed emotions. Even from the very first moment to visit Cebu, I realized how important a teachers’ role is, how important the facilities takes part in the day to day life experiences of the learners, how the teaching strategies, teachings could actually build a better student and because of what I have seen with this educational tour, I realized how is it very hard to have a disability and impairment, that regards of your loss or limitation. There are still chances to become productive, we should  never criticize and instead we should reinforce, motivate and show to the special children that they really do belong just like us. DOCUMENTATION Cebu Normal University Cebu Braille Center Lapu-Lapu City Central Elementary School University of San Jose Recoletos Mandaue Sped Center These were the facilities found in the center; the center was teaching the students how to bake so that they would know to manipulate these objects. Because these objects were given by Japan group intended only for those learners with autism and any disabilities. Also, we have the waving machine; a machine used to create blankets, bags and shawl. In Mandau Sped Center, they were not only teaching the students to learn academics, rather they were there to support the skills and abilities of the students. Enriching the capabilities of each of them and tries to showcase all the needed learning that every Sped students should and must acquire. BEED-4 Of the 4 days tour, which part of the tour is educational or memorable to you? Of the 4 days tour, the part of the tour that I can say educational and memorable to me was when I able to visit the different universities/school around Cebu. I learned a lot, I discovered a lot and I realized a lot. I learned that educational tour was there not only for the benefit of having fun but, it is there to let you experienced a one of a kind journey that you could never experience when you were only inside the 4 walls of the classroom. I discovered that schools in Cebu City namely; Cebu Normal University, Southwestern University, University of San Jose Recoletos,  Lapu-Lapu City Central Elementary School, Cebu Braille Center and Mandaue Sped Center were a great school that enriches the knowledge and learning both normal students and special children. The universities provided a very edge-weapon towards excellence, and the evident fact of this were the facilities, structure, programs that the school were offering to produce a globally-competitive individual. From Cebu Normal University, which you could found the Cebu Braille Center, they caters different types of Special children whether visually impaired, hearing impaired and a lot more. They provided materials for these individuals to learn more, and that would help them be convenient enough in studying. In Southwestern University, where the teacher I have observed make used of the different techniques and strategies to make the kindergarten would really have fun in learning. In University of San Jose Recoletos wherein the facilities needed for the betterment of the learning were found, specifically the high-tech library that I could say that was absolutely conducive for learning, their Audio-visual room that looks like a theater, and the controlling unit of the internet connections made me feels terribly amazed. In Lapu-Lapu City Central Elementary School that the gifted students were found moved me because I can’t actually imagined that a grade 1 pupil could actually sang a song which was in a fast beat, and take note that they sang it from the beginning until it ends. And their I saw also the Special children who were mute and I was very happy to looked at them welcoming us. And the Madaue Sped Center that teaches not only in the academics but also enriches the capabilities of the students through sewing, baking and many more. They have a facility such as sewing machines, they have bakery exclusive only for children with autism and disability and they have also waving machine to vreate blanket, bags and shawl that were made purely in Abacca. Schools were there to educate the students, and if a school has a good quality of service, with a lot of facilities to be used in enriching the capabilities of the students, I know for sure that they could produce a student who can compete globally and will become a catalyst of the society. I was really amazed of what I have discovered during the tour, and I realized that being a teacher was not really an easy task to take, we may encounter different attitude, behaviors and values. And if we surpass these kinds of children successfully, I believe that we will become a teacher full of gratitude, understanding and  love towards our pupil. Even Sped Teachers because as what Ma’am Ma. Delia Minoza, Sped Teachers are just like Gaisano Mall, 1 store but has it all. In relation to Sped Teacher, 1 classroom but has all the behaviors to control. The experienced I had could never ever be erased and will always be a part of the journey that I’m going to take. Education is the key.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Behavioral and Cognitive Learning

In behavioral theory, learning involves changes or modifications in our behavior which had in turn been influenced, strengthened or weakened by the environment or other external influences. The introduction of reinforcers greatly impacts behavior. Cognitive theory, on the other hand, posits that individuals are actively involved in the learning process. Rather than external influences, learning depends on already existing prior knowledge.Following this logic, this means that each student after a straight lecture will leave the room carrying with him different sets of new knowledge. A major difference between the two theories is that proponents of behaviorists suggest that learning is involuntary while cognitive learning contends that people are in control of their own learning. For believers of the behavioral theory, the approach to training would be the regular use of contiguity and reinforcers.Contiguity is based on association of experiences that occur in sequence. This is much li ke Pavlov’s dog which salivates in the presence of food. When food was preceded by the ringing of a bell, the dog soon salivates at the ring of the bell. Introduction of reinforcers is another method employed by the behaviorists. This involves a reward-and-punishment scheme on ending or strengthening behavior. Hence, if you do well as a participant, you would probably receive a positive reinforcement so as to further strengthen such behavior.For trainers who employ the cognitive learning theories, they will most likely provide lessons organized in a way that would take into consideration a student’s experience and stage of development such that prerequisite trainings may have to be recommended to be taken first before moving on into an advanced stage. General skills will be taught first, reasons and motivations for tasks will usually be provided and group work promoted. Reference Michigan State University. (2005). Teach online. Retrieved January 15, 2008, from http://t eachvu. vu. msu. edu/public/designers/what_is_learning/index. php? page_num=5. Behavioral And Cognitive Learning In behavioral theory, learning involves changes or modifications in our behavior which had in turn been influenced, strengthened or weakened by the environment or other external influences. The introduction of reinforcers greatly impacts behavior. Cognitive theory, on the other hand, posits that individuals are actively involved in the learning process. Rather than external influences, learning depends on already existing prior knowledge.Following this logic, this means that each student after a straight lecture will leave the room carrying with him different sets of new knowledge. A major difference between the two theories is that proponents of behaviorists suggest that learning is involuntary while cognitive learning contends that people are in control of their own learning. For believers of the behavioral theory, the approach to training would be the regular use of contiguity and reinforcers.Contiguity is based on association of experiences that occur in sequence. This is much li ke Pavlov’s dog which salivates in the presence of food. When food was preceded by the ringing of a bell, the dog soon salivates at the ring of the bell. Introduction of reinforcers is another method employed by the behaviorists. This involves a reward-and-punishment scheme on ending or strengthening behavior. Hence, if you do well as a participant, you would probably receive a positive reinforcement so as to further strengthen such behavior.For trainers who employ the cognitive learning theories, they will most likely provide lessons organized in a way that would take into consideration a student’s experience and stage of development such that prerequisite trainings may have to be recommended to be taken first before moving on into an advanced stage. General skills will be taught first, reasons and motivations for tasks will usually be provided and group work promoted. Reference Michigan State University. (2005). Teach online. Retrieved January 15, 2008, from http://t eachvu. vu. msu. edu/public/design

Federal Budget Cycle

Federal Budget Cycle Passing of budgets is a regular exercise that mainly occurs annually. There are several stages that accompany public budgeting process, which entail preparation and submission, approval, execution, and audit and evaluation. Budget process is a timeline activity with preparation of the budget as the first step in budget cycle. For Federal budget, budget preparation is concerned with compiling a draft budget, for presenting to the congress.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Federal Budget Cycle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Preparation of the budget is an internal activity for the executives. During federal budget preparation, the fiscal policy is set followed by determining the total available resources for spending. At preparation juncture, the office of management negotiates with appropriate departments about allocation of funds. However, the office of management is responsible for putting expenditure ceiling for each department. After drafting the budget, the office of management presents it to the president for review and make final ruling mainly on the contentious issues (Lee, Johnson Joyce, 2008). After coming with a comprehensive budget draft, the present takes the budget to the congress for approval. The budget has to get the approval of the congress in order to become effective. Before the approval, the congress scrutinizes the budget proposal from the executive. This entail the congress assessing the setting of the fiscal policy, sources of revenues, as well as the expenditures. The role of the congress is to reject, approve, amend and in some cases substitute the budget proposal with their own budget format. Some government budgets requires passing of separate legislations for appropriation and alterations to the tax code. Some governments on the other hand take into consideration a unified budget bill as in the case of the federal budget. However, the most important aspect in this stage is a comprehensive scrutiny of the budget proposal, irrespective of the adopted legislation. In public budget cycle, authorization of all public spending and taxation make sure that the rule of law in public finance. The duration that the budget proposal takes before approval varies from one country to another. In the United States of America, the congress spends approximately eight months in reviewing the budget proposal presented by the executives before making their final ruling. Budget scrutiny takes a considerable time to increase its influence. Once the congress approves the budget proposal, the budget process proceeds to the next stage of implementation (Nikol, 2011).Advertising Looking for coursework on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The execution of the budget commences with the starting of the fiscal year. The implementation of the approved budget is mostly in the powers o f the executives. The congress and the treasury play a significant role in ensuring that the apportioning of the funds is as per the approved budget. In some case and mainly in developing nations, budget allocated funds is sometimes used for other purposes rather than the purpose approved. This results to adverse effects on the vulnerable groups that have less political influence. The congress does not allow misallocation of funds already approved for certain spending. To avoid excessive adjustments the congress keeps a close eye on the spending of the allocated money as well as funds apportioning. Moreover, to avoid the undermining of the authority, the through-unwarranted adjustments, Congress make sure that any significant adjustment to the budget is captured in supplement apportions, which has been approved by the congress. During the adjustments, the congress should make sure that there is thorough scrutiny of the proposals presented in similar manner to the scrutiny of the bud get formulation process. Transparency is very important in public budget cycle. The implementation stage in public budget cycle is critical. This is because the allocated funds are likely to be deviated to other spending because of urgent cropping needs. For example, the funds allocated for spending in the infrastructure are often deviated if there is a natural disaster such as floods and storms that require immediate attention. Therefore, despite the highly accurate forecasting process that accompanies the federal budget process, there are some new urgent public spending that are difficult to anticipate and therefore strict adherence to the budget is rare. During the budgeting process, the budget takes in account such considerations. Such concerns help in making sure that the budget remains authoritative even during instances of difficult economic crisis. In response to such eventuality, the contingency reserve sets aside some funds for adapting the budget to cater for the emergenc ies or changing circumstances. In order to ensure accountability and transparency, the congress makes sure that it monitors the use of contingency reserves accordingly. The use of any contingency reserve should follow approval of the congress. The fund set aside as contingency reserve should not be excessive to avoid causing inflation. Apart from the aforementioned aspects, other factors inhibit proper implementation of the federal budget.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Federal Budget Cycle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, introduction of new legislation like increasing entitlement such social grants brings conflicts with the budget constraints or medium terms of expenditure. Therefore, in the process of formulating policies, appropriate stakeholders should factor in short-term as well as long-term budget implications of the proposed legislations. The audit and evaluation stage follows the execut ion stage (Saturno, 2004). In the audit and evaluation stage, an independent body such as an audit court analyzes the federal accounts and financial statements in order to establish whether the executives used the funds allocated by the budget appropriately. After the audits finish their investigations, they hand over the findings to the congress. After a thorough scrutiny of the findings presented by the audit team, if the congress finds that the audit and evaluation process is effective, the recommendations that by the audit team are incorporated in future budgets. The incorporation of the audit recommendations helps in continuous improvements of future budgets and overall enhancement of public financial management. The law requires the auditors to present their findings as soon as possible after finishing their investigations and compiling the report for accuracy and accountability purposes. Long delays in submitting the auditing findings may hinder accountability in instances wh ere executives who are responsible for any loss of funds have retired or moved to other sectors. Moreover, public interest is mainly on current issues. In addition, delays in submitting the findings may result in difficulties in pursuing disciplinary measures of the responsible culprit (Schick Lostracco, 2000). The public budget cycle for the federal government is important as it ensures that there is a proper allocation of funds for appropriate departments to execute their functions accordingly. In addition, it ensures that there is transparency and accountability for executives who oversee the budget implementation process. In conclusion: budgeting is not an event, but a process. The budget cycle does not occur in a distinct form, but rather in a continuous and interconnected manner. The role of the congress in the budgeting process should entail budget approval and review of audit findings. In addition, the congress should request for important documents used during the drafting phase. Moreover, the congress should access actual and estimates data of the revenues and expenditures to assist in monitoring the implementation process. Reference List Lee, R.D., Johnson, R.W. Joyce, P.G. (2008). Public budgeting systems (8th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. IS.Advertising Looking for coursework on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nikol, A. (2011). What is Budget Cycle? Retrieved from  https://bizfluent.com/info-7791825-budget-cycle.html Saturno, J. (2004). The Congressional Budget Process: A Brief Overview. New York: Prentice Hall. Schick, A. Lostracco, F. (2000). The Federal Budget: Politics, Policy, Process. New York: Prentice Hall.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

mice and men Essay Example

mice and men Essay Example mice and men Essay mice and men Essay In Of Mice and Men, characters have dreams of living a better life in future. For one thing, George and Lennie often talk about owning a little house, a few acres of land, and live in serenity without having to work for somebody. George and Lennie recite, Someday-were gonna get the Jack together and were gonna have a little house and a couple acres an a cow and some pigs An live off the fatta the Ian An have rabbits (Steinbeck 14). This expresses that both George and Lennie hope to achieve heir dreams and are motivated and inspired to work until they have what they need to live life the way they want without being told. Another example of a character having a dream is Candy, whom offers money to George and Lennie to grow a garden as part of being part of their dream. He recounts, Maybe if I give you guys my money, youll let me hoe in the garden even after I aint no good at it When they can me here I wisht somebodyd shoot me wont have no place to go, an I cant get no more jobs (Steinbeck 60) This shows that Candy is found to be useless and timeworn by imself and others and wants to be apart of their ranch to escape his inefficiency once hes too old to be a swamper instead of having no Job and no place to go. In Of Mice and Men, characters have dreams of living a better life in future. For one thing, George and Lennie often talk about owning a little house, a few acres of land, and live in serenity without having to work for somebody. George and Lennie recite, I wisht somebodyd shoot me wont have no place to go, an I cant get no more once hes too old to be a swamper instead of having no Job and no place to go.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Increasing Of Indonesia Population And Its Impact On The Business Essay - 1

Increasing Of Indonesia Population And Its Impact On The Business - Essay Example Family-planning programs have contributed to a decline into approximately 1.04% as per now. Given the current trend, United Nations (UN) projects Indonesian population to surpass 270 million by 2025, go past 285 million people by the year 2035 and increase beyond 290 million by the year 2045 (Indonesia Population 2013). After which, the country shall experience a decline from 2050. Perhaps, two-thirds of Indonesia’s populace shall reside in town areas according to United Nations estimations. From a business perspective, this trend provides an opportunity for commercial success and snack shall maximize the provisions of the population. The demographic distribution of Indonesia makes it an excellent market for promotion of the snack bar. The nations' entire population comprises of mainly the youths providing an economic advantage. The median age of the population is 28.1 years. Young population offers a potentially significant target market and very accessible. Females dominate the society, and when categorized into sexes, the male median age is 27.7 years while female age is around 28.7 years (Worldometers 1). Indonesia consists of 13,667 islands, but citizens inhabit only 6,000. Out of this, five islands namely Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Irian Jaya, and Sulawesi are mainly populated. The total land mass of Indonesia is around 1,919,317 square kilometers (Indonesia Population 2013). Over the past forty years, Indonesia registered a remarkable rate of urbanization. Thus, half of Indonesia’s whole population lives in towns. In regards to this, current the distribution of population establishes a positive development, as industrialization and urbanization are essential for growth and trades. The snack bar trade will likely experience stiff direct competition from other snacks on offer in Indonesia particularly, Gorengan and Bakso. Gorengan refers to a friend bite.

Friday, October 18, 2019

Juvenile Justice System in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Juvenile Justice System in the USA - Essay Example This will help in developing best methods of dealing with the resistance process and in creating screening tools for a good decision and for risk management. Â  The main purpose is to evaluate the best rehabilitation and therapeutic methods that we can employ to help the juvenile criminals successfully rejoin the society without repeating the criminal acts. The rehabilitation program put in place in conjunction with therapeutic methods will address the main cause of juveniles indulging in criminal activities. This will involve management of drug and substance abuse regarding the minor in question, giving jobs to the juvenile criminal, providing housing for those with no family to house them, and training them to acquire necessary skills that will enable them to get jobs. In addition to these, the juvenile criminal has presented a chance to interact with peers and family members. Â  This study will examine minors in disorderly behavior over a period of three years with cases in court. The study will involve a sample of 1,119 male lawbreakers who are minors. We will use a growth mixture model and create five groups whose characteristics as age, rebellious history, origin, felonious father, substance use, psychosocial development, and culture. The persistent group is 8.7% while the desisted group is 14.6% of the sample. Some characteristics of rebellious acts will be assessed from the report of many offenders; this means that the groups of offers who desist and those who continue need further concern on what factors really lead to this. During the study, the juvenile criminals will be placed into groups and a set of characteristics on each studied.

Two different social networking websites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Two different social networking websites - Essay Example Facebook is perhaps popular for its distinct messaging app. Facebook also keeps track of users’ timelines as they appear on the page. This creates a chronology of events posted on Facebook. Most importantly, users post pictures, share their status updates, read other people’s posts, and comment on different topics posted on the website. For Twitter, the most popular aspect of the website is the use of hash tags. Contrary to Facebook, Twitter offers instant messaging in the form of tweets. This forms the distinct practice of Facebooking and Tweeting in respect to the two websites. Another distinct feature of Twitter is the mode of interaction dubbed â€Å"follow† and â€Å"unfollow.† In conclusion, Twitter’s does not offer timelines, but rather archives data and information posted so that it is available for retrieval by the user at any time. Most importantly, Twitter’s website platform is not as broad as Facebook

Critically examine how a firms HR strategy could be its source of Essay - 1

Critically examine how a firms HR strategy could be its source of competitive advantage - Essay Example Competitive advantage, from a traditional business perspective, generally involves the tangible activities of the company such as the financial rewards from a streamlined production system or the positive service delivery performed by a shipping and receiving department. When the organisation performs a specific work-related activity better than other companies in similar marketplaces, the organisation has developed a unique competitive advantage. However, in terms of managing human resources, competitive advantage occurs simply by creating policies and workplace environments which are congruent to business and employee needs. It would seem that a satisfied staff is a staff which is motivated to provide excellence to job role function. This paper identifies the various methods by which HR policies can create competitive advantage for today’s organisations; both internally and externally. Having a streamlined system of HR management appears to provide competitive advantage from a human capital development perspective. Karami, Jones and Kakabadse (2008) suggest that attitude, stemming from management professionals at the firm, greatly impact whether a firm will develop an appropriate pool of talent. There appears to be many organisations, today, which under-utilise staff members, considering them as only vessels through which to achieve company goals. The aforementioned authors stress the importance of providing workers with new opportunities and increased job role flexibility as a means to secure psychological perceptions of staff importance toward meeting company goals. It might appear that job role flexibility and opportunities (such as advancement or job rotation) are rather common sense HR policies and procedures, however in terms of supplying a company with competitive advantage it is important to understand why

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Little Red Roaster (LRR) coffee outlets Case Study

Little Red Roaster (LRR) coffee outlets - Case Study Example This paper will therefore bring to the surface the weaknesses that prevent quick growth of the business due to managerial poor approach. It will also identify and discuss on those threats that arise from the external environment and thus outside control of the business. While doing so, this case report will also identify the strengths the business has achieved out of its current operating strategies and the opportunities available. Upon a critical analysis of the problem, it emerges that LRR faces more business development challenges in terms of expanding than mismanagement. The business is challenged with how best it can expand its current operating capacity to tap the improperly tapped coffee beverage market. The report analysis will also therefore endeavor to analyze the seemingly big problems related to room for expansion, outside catering and delivery of products. After identifying all these factors, this case analysis and report will review the alternatives available for a new course of action. In so doing, the case report will also discuss and elaborate on the reasons for adoption of such criteria. The adoption of any criterion will be based on the overall financial position of the Little Red Roast and the interplay of other external variables like availability of space and ready and reliable market. Alternatives are usually not necessarily the only choices to choose from by a business. Therefore the report will only identify the options and present them to the management for final decision-making. Recommendation for LRR will be based on the overall analysis and available options for the business. Rationale for such recommendation will be based on other aspects like the consequences of each one of them. Every new venture comes with its own unpredictable risks. This case report will therefore also do a forecast of possible risks that come with the available options. It will be up to the management to decide which option will be in the best interest for th e business given the prevailing circumstances and condition. Finally, this case report will come up with an action plan with critical Steps, potential problem identified above and a contingency plan for each step in the action plan. This will be tabulated for ease of analysis and better understanding of the scenario. It is of vital importance to note that all these are aimed at helping LRR expand its coffee business in the most profitable manner that is both customer friendly and management friendly. Situational Analysis LRR is a chain of small retail coffee shops that offer a variety of light foods and beverages. The business outlet started as a retail business in 1995. It is located in various places such as Byron, Covent Garden Market, London Central Library, and London Provincial Courthouse. It also operates in Springbuck, St. Thomas-Elgin General Hospital, The renaissance and Wortley village. The business offers coffees, tea, gourmet beverages, breakfast, light lunches and snac ks. The company has been in business for eight years (seventeen years by now) and continues to

American Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

American Literature - Essay Example The narration rises above the scope of an ordinary tale that deals with the power of Nature over man, as it depicts the ambivalent relationship between man and Nature in a manner comparable to other American works like The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway and Moby Dick by Herman Melville. London employs a strict and effective economy of words and terse plot construction to produce a powerful story replete with multiple layers of meaning. Though the unpredictable aspects of Nature play a major part in the devastation of the protagonist, the presence of a wild dog that accompanies him on his journey brings in many contrasts. The most significant among them is between the man’s estrangement from his own instincts that causes his death and the uninformed yet natural instincts of the beast that helps it survive. The characterization of the man is done deftly through references to his attitude to the excruciating cold which he understands to be fifty degrees below zero, but is in fact seventy five below zero. London describes that the absence of the sun or the tremendous cold did not make an impression on the man. It was not because he was used to it, as he was a newcomer to the place and it was his first winter. â€Å"The trouble with him was that he was without imagination† (London). He understood the extreme cold temperature on practical terms only, and was trying to deal with it logically, taking for granted the man-made equipments which he hopes would protect him from the powers of Nature. The first three paragraphs deal judiciously with the characterization of the man as a self-willed person unwilling to pay heed to the warnings and obstacles that were trying to stop him from his immediate objectives. The plot unravels through the man’s point of view and shifts between the present and the past. He was aiming to reach the left fork of Henderson Creek, where he expected to meet his companions in a mining camp. He discarded the

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Critically examine how a firms HR strategy could be its source of Essay - 1

Critically examine how a firms HR strategy could be its source of competitive advantage - Essay Example Competitive advantage, from a traditional business perspective, generally involves the tangible activities of the company such as the financial rewards from a streamlined production system or the positive service delivery performed by a shipping and receiving department. When the organisation performs a specific work-related activity better than other companies in similar marketplaces, the organisation has developed a unique competitive advantage. However, in terms of managing human resources, competitive advantage occurs simply by creating policies and workplace environments which are congruent to business and employee needs. It would seem that a satisfied staff is a staff which is motivated to provide excellence to job role function. This paper identifies the various methods by which HR policies can create competitive advantage for today’s organisations; both internally and externally. Having a streamlined system of HR management appears to provide competitive advantage from a human capital development perspective. Karami, Jones and Kakabadse (2008) suggest that attitude, stemming from management professionals at the firm, greatly impact whether a firm will develop an appropriate pool of talent. There appears to be many organisations, today, which under-utilise staff members, considering them as only vessels through which to achieve company goals. The aforementioned authors stress the importance of providing workers with new opportunities and increased job role flexibility as a means to secure psychological perceptions of staff importance toward meeting company goals. It might appear that job role flexibility and opportunities (such as advancement or job rotation) are rather common sense HR policies and procedures, however in terms of supplying a company with competitive advantage it is important to understand why

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

American Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

American Literature - Essay Example The narration rises above the scope of an ordinary tale that deals with the power of Nature over man, as it depicts the ambivalent relationship between man and Nature in a manner comparable to other American works like The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway and Moby Dick by Herman Melville. London employs a strict and effective economy of words and terse plot construction to produce a powerful story replete with multiple layers of meaning. Though the unpredictable aspects of Nature play a major part in the devastation of the protagonist, the presence of a wild dog that accompanies him on his journey brings in many contrasts. The most significant among them is between the man’s estrangement from his own instincts that causes his death and the uninformed yet natural instincts of the beast that helps it survive. The characterization of the man is done deftly through references to his attitude to the excruciating cold which he understands to be fifty degrees below zero, but is in fact seventy five below zero. London describes that the absence of the sun or the tremendous cold did not make an impression on the man. It was not because he was used to it, as he was a newcomer to the place and it was his first winter. â€Å"The trouble with him was that he was without imagination† (London). He understood the extreme cold temperature on practical terms only, and was trying to deal with it logically, taking for granted the man-made equipments which he hopes would protect him from the powers of Nature. The first three paragraphs deal judiciously with the characterization of the man as a self-willed person unwilling to pay heed to the warnings and obstacles that were trying to stop him from his immediate objectives. The plot unravels through the man’s point of view and shifts between the present and the past. He was aiming to reach the left fork of Henderson Creek, where he expected to meet his companions in a mining camp. He discarded the

Development of india Essay Example for Free

Development of india Essay Why India is still a Developing Nation and not a Developed Nation This resource will provide necessary information on why India is still a developing nation and not a developed nation even though there are lots of options provided by the government for the development criteria. India is one of the fastest developing countries in the world. But you can see the fact that the speed of the development is not as good when compared to the other countries that are already developed and that are much superior to India. There are many reasons behind the lack in the development criteria of India. Most of the people realize that India is very slow in development but they dont focus on what to be done in order to make India a developed country. There are many issues in our country that are preventing India from becoming the developed nation. This resource will provide information on the issues that are preventing India to be the developed country. The reasons are as follows India holds the second rank in the population . There are many things to be taken into consideration because of the population issues. If a country is highly populated it is sure that the development of the country will also be very slow. There will be a lot of necessity for the resources to be shared among the people of the country . The major fact is that there should be resources available for the same to be distributed among the people. If the population of the country is brought into the proper control it can be said that there are lots of possibilities to make our country one of the developed countries.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Pros And Cons Of Globalization Politics Essay

Pros And Cons Of Globalization Politics Essay The 19th century witnessed the advent of globalization in something approaching its modern form. Industrialization permitted the cheap production of household items using economies of scale, while rapid population growth created sustained demand for commodities and manufactures. Globalization in this period was decisively shaped by nineteenth-century imperialism. After the Opium Wars and the completion of the British conquest of India, the vast populations of these regions became ready consumers of European exports. Meanwhile, the conquest of new parts of the globe, notably sub-Saharan Africa, by the European powers yielded valuable natural resources such as rubber, diamonds and coal and helped fuel trade and investment between the European imperial powers, their colonies, and the United States. It was in this period that areas of sub-Saharan Africa and the Pacific islands were incorporated into the world system. The first phase of modern globalization began to break down at the begi nning of the 20th century with the First World War. According to John Maynard Keynes The inhabitant of London could order by telephone, sipping his morning tea, the various products of the whole earth, and reasonably expect their early delivery upon his doorstep. Militarism and imperialism of racial and cultural rivalries were little more than the amusements of his daily newspaper. What an extraordinary episode in the economic progress of man was that age which came to an end in August 1914. The final death knell for this phase of globalization came during the gold standard crisis and Great Depression in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Globalization in the middle decades of the twentieth century was largely driven by the global expansion of multinational corporations based in the United States and the worldwide export of American culture through the new media of film, television and recorded music. Today, cross-border capital flows are more important than trade flows, and some trans national corporations now have budgets larger than the economies of many countries. But what is globalization by itself? Imagine how life was twenty years ago. There were no cell phones, no computers, definitely no laptops. Therefore, there was limited communication not only between people from other countries, but also between people who lived on the opposite site of the same country. Instead of sending emails that only take a few seconds to receive, letters were sent and received within a few days of weeks. In its simplest way we can describe globalization as elimination of borders such as each country becomes socially, politically and economically interdependent with one another. In ideal global community economic globalization will lead to emergence of global market place or single world market. Depending on the paradigm, globalization can have both positive and negative effects on participating nations. On the positive side, globalization has resulted in increased access to more goods and consumers in many countries, reduced prices due to competition with local monopolies and increased food supply due to industrial agricultural in some countries. There is a worldwide market for the companies and for the customers there is a better access to products from different countries. For example, people are quite happy when they are able to purchase label products like Nike shoes, GAP clothes, Sony Play Stations, Apple devices, Toshiba computers for bargain prices. These are just a few items people from first world enjoy purchasing for reasonable prices. The prices are kept low by the manufacturer because the items are produced in the third world countries where labor costs are minimal. Poor people in some countries have been able to buy cheaper imported goods rather than goods produced by local monopolies. Transnational companies provide third world regions technology and employment wages a nd as a result of financial investment the employed workers can afford food, cloth and a shelter for their families. In theory, the region should go on prosperity and eventually start importing goods and services created based on other countries in addition to exporting goods and services created on their own. A recent study by the London-based Center for Economic Policy Research reports that globalization increases economic growth and improved the incomes of both rich and poor people. The researchers claim that the number of people living in poverty today would be even greater without globalization. However, there is more inequality among and within countries today than in the past. Between 1870 and 1990, the gap in per capita income between rich and developing countries has grown fivefold. Closely related to equality and wages, labor conditions is another area influenced by globalization. On the positive side, some workers in lesser developed countries have received more education and training from multinational companies due to globalization. Furthermore, there is some evidence that increased competition has resulted in upgrading educational systems to produce a more highly qualified workforce. The threat of job displacement is one of the most tangible concerns that critics have regarding globalization. Workers have more employment opportunities in some countries, but they have less in others where certain industries and firms have been put out of business by global competitor. Some people have less choice about how they make their living as a result of globalization. In fact, globalization affects everyone; from the villager working in a third world transnational factory to the unemployed former factory worker in North America. These two types of individuals best rep resent people most affected by globalization. The third world factory workers may for the first time in their lives have a predictable and steady income to feed, clothe and shelter their families. In the past they may have been vulnerable to diseases and starvation. It also has significant impact on people in North America as many of manufacturing jobs were relocated offshore where labor cost and taxes were nominal. They not only have lost their jobs, but also their homes and their hopes. Increasing imports from low-wage countries are perceived by some as a threat to manufacturing jobs in industrialized countries, particularly in labor-intensive sectors. The key question regarding globalization and governments is whether or not globalization threatens national sovereignty. Historically, governments played a major role in promoting their countrys economic development and managing its economy. Today, however, some critics argue that government matters less and less in a global economy. On the positive side of the ledger, for some governments, globalization has resulted in expanded infrastructure, more jobs, and more economic development for their citizenry. Certain countries have benefited from the transfer of modern, more effective management techniques to their business sector. Furthermore, some observers believe that the increased interdependence of trading and investment partners will draw countries closer together and serve as deterrent against war. On the negative side, international competitiveness has influenced public policy in some countries by encouraging government officials to lower labor standards. Because governments may view themselves in competition with others in a race to the bottom to attract investors to their country, foreign firms can have the upper hand in negotiations unless governments have something unique such as rare natural resources, highly trained people and a large market to offer. Singapore, for instance, invested heavily in education, attracting high-tech and professional industry rather than limiting its population to employment in low-wage factories. Globalization may be a positive force for greater cross-cultural understanding via more cross-cultural exposure and closer cross-border ties. In the past thirty years we have been socially connected to the internet and have created global links between people and fields of education, medicine, science and technology, art, entertainment, trade, travel, business, politics. The list goes on and on. We surf the internet in search of movies, music and fashion. We can even go on online dating services that connect us up with the perfect guy or girl that we have been dreaming to meet. As Tomlinson stated, A world of complex connectivity thus links the myriad small everyday actions of millions with the fates of distant, unknown others and even with the possible fate of the planet. According to Tomlinson increased connectivity of the world is as a double-edged sword that provides new and wider understanding at the same time that it takes away the securities of ones local world. Critics claim that globalization is creating a monoculture that is rapidly spreading around the world. By this view, weakened cultural traditions combined with the importation of foreign media, stores, and goods encourage cultural homogenization. For instance, television has universally connected many cultures to one another. In fact, many non-western cultures have been influenced by the broad scale of exportation of western culture through music, television and the internet. Critics claim that globalization has irrevocably changed the social landscape of communities and constitutes a threat to national culture in various ways. As what concerning environmental sustainability, positive side of globalization is that it caused some countries to make a narrower range of products more efficiently. In other words, it has given them a comparative advantage. It has been responsible for creating and exporting technologies that use fewer natural resources and result in less waste and pollution. Globalization has facilitated improved energy efficiency, reduced use of materials, metal recovery technologies. The industrial ecology movement has sought to improve environmental responsiveness at the same time that it reduces the global cost of production for corporations. On the negative side, because of globalization, harmful technologies and activities have also been exported. Although better technology is available, companies do not always use it because it may be expensive. Therefore, globalization is blamed as a source of pollution. Since environment is a heritage of all human beings and everyone is affected it become s a global environmental problem. How does globalization affect our life? Because of globalization we have a great number of choices as to what types of movies, food, cloth, technology and books we can purchase and what prices we pay for them. Our choices might become limited if we are not able to secure our jobs because of the negative economic impact of global shift in economic investment outside our country. Since globalization in some degree erases borders, we start to live in cultural diversity. Because some of our friends are foreigners, we are growing in understanding of their cultural heritage and experience some kind of social connection with their home cultures. We look around our house and see goods that have been manufactured all over the world blankets from India, tea from Ceylon, cloth from China, Korea and France, furniture from Canada and so forth. How does economic globalization be fully achieved? The realization of economic globalization can only be achieved through the progressive change of law and policies governing how countries exchange goods and services with one another. The North American trade agreement between USA, Canada and Mexico is a good example of this type of globalization political policy creation. The paradigm of past eras of protection resulted in policies that served as national interest of individual countries to preserve local jobs and produce markets. Tariffs, trade quotas, legislations were passed to assure imports could not have competitive pricing edge and gain significant market foothold within the country. Nationalism and its reluctant trade policy often restrained the flow of goods and services across borders. As time pasts, countries more often start to realize that in order to be competitive they must start to open their borders more widely. In conclusion, the current debates raging on globalization and the explosion of publications on this topic reflect the importance this phenomenon has gained in recent years. We can picture globalization as a process that has resulted in both positive and negative consequences, both winners and losers. Given the complexity and scope of the topic, it is difficult to determine with precision whether some of the problems linked to globalization would exist independently and to what degree. Globalization in its current state often involves serious tradeoffs such as economic development and jobs at the cost of environmental degradation and weakened labor protection. Given the ever-evolving history of economic development, trade, and international relations, there is little reason to assume that globalization as we know it today is the final version. It is time to consider how we as future managers may contribute to globalization and whether we may take a strong leadership role in influenci ng the way people think about and practice global business in the future.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Romeo And Juliet- Is The Story :: essays research papers

Love is the biggest thing that can happen in human life. It can make your life incredible or forgettable. In the case of Romeo and Juliet, it was both. They had something between them that would never be destroyed. Their determination to stay together through the tough times was incredible. Even when they knew that their relationship would never be normal, they never gave up. It was a case of love at first sight when their eyes locked on each other. The story of Romeo and Juliet is more to do with love than hate. Nearly every scene of the text has love conveyed in some way in them. From the pain Romeo suffered from the rejection of Rosalyn, to the first scene where the two meet. The only scene in the whole story where love isn’t conveyed is the very first scene where we see the first conflict between the Capulets and the Montagues. That just shows how much of an impact love has in Shakespeare’s story about two star-crossed lovers. Romeo and Juliet had such a strong love that they would die for each other. This is what Shakespeare is trying to show us what love is all about and this is why he chose to write this story, not to show hate, but to show love. The love in the story is not only shown between Romeo and Juliet. It is also shown in the form of filial love between Romeo and Mercutio. Romeo ‘loved’ Mercutio as a friend so much that he would vow revenge on the person that brought upon his death. The friendship was everlasting and would always be treasured by Romeo, even after Mercutio’s death. Other love was shown between Juliet and the Nurse. Juliet grew up with the nurse by her side all the time. The nurse was more of a mother to Juliet than Lady Capulet ever was. Romeo’s parents cared for him much deeper than Juliet’s did for her. His mother was always worried or concerned about where he was and what he was doing, hoping he wouldn’t get caught up in any trouble. Shakespeare also shows paternal love to go along with the others in the text. I guess that you could say that their was a bit of love from Juliet’s parents towards her in that they only wanted what they thought was best for her as well as getting what they want at the same time.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Essay --

In Philip Larkin’s poem â€Å"High Windows† the speaker displays mixed emotions towards the invention of modern birth control and its integration into society during the 60’s. Larkin composed poems during a period of political turmoil and instability and expresses a desire to escape the apparent chaos; he describes both the sexual and religious freedoms of the time. Nevertheless, â€Å"High Windows†, presents a small background of sexuality and culture that is about social change. Yet, during this time period using birth control was looked down upon by the previous conservative generations because the kids were rejecting the previous generations’ morals. In addition, opponents of the birth control pill were concerned that because many were using birth control, it would be used as an excuse to engage in premarital relationships. However, birth control â€Å"Pill† was an innovative invention that brought about a positive cultural change to soc iety because it allows couples to plan for wanted children, establish relationships, financial stability, and women to pursue professional lives with more freedom. In the time period that Larkin wrote â€Å"High Windows†, there were intense changes in matters referring to sex and birth control methods. Sexual practices that were previously considered inappropriate for discussion were openly discussed. New methods of contraception allowed men and women to be able to control their own reproduction. Larkin captures this sense of a new age of sexual freedom in his poem, â€Å"High Windows†. Larkin expresses the desire to escape a constantly changing world due to sexual freedom in order to achieve some type of fulfilling personal relationship. â€Å"Larkin was a life-long bachelor; he had several sexual relationships, but was n... ...Marks). Therefore, the key development of the pill is the freedom of choice one has. â€Å"It frees the woman from the burden of involuntary childbearing that has traditionally made her a poor risk to employers and assigned her a secondary role in society. Now, three out of five working women were married† (Marks). Nonetheless, birth control allows couples to plan for the conception of children and take charge of their life. Birth control has brought about a positive cultural change to society. Women were now able to consider having careers and attending college, rather than worrying about raising a family. The past decade has witnessed significant changes in the culture of society due to the introduction of the birth control movement. The â€Å"Sexual Revolution† of the United States is believed to be part of the aftermath of the widespread use of the birth control pill.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Impact of Global Financial Crisis

The effect of the global financial crisis on Australia has been considerably less, compared to the other affected countries. The Australian economy has revealed better outcomes than most other developed economies, which experienced recessions and rises in unemployment. Also the Australia banks have managed to be profitable without requiring any capital injection from the Government.The noticeable collision of the financial crisis on most Australian households was the large decline in equity prices, â€Å"which reduced the wealth of Australian households by nearly 10% by March 2009. However, since the trough In equity markets In March 2009, the local market had recovered half of Its decline by the end of November 2009. † The Australian dollar also depreciated rapidly and sizeably as the crisis intensified, declining by over 30 per cent from its July 2008 peak.Around the time of the Lehman ankruptcy, conditions in the foreign exchange market were particularly illiquid, prompting the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) to Intervene In the market to enhance liquidity. Since March 2009, as fears abated, the Australian dollar largely recovered, reflecting the relative strength of the Australian economy. The credit and money markets in Australia have also proven to be more resilient than in many other countries, necessitating considerably less intervention by the RBA than occurred in many other countries.In large part this reflected the health of the Australian banking system. The Australian banks had almost no holdings of the â€Å"toxic† securities that severely affected other global banks. The health of the Australian banking system facilitated the effectiveness of the monetary and fiscal response, particularly by allowing much of the large easing in monetary policy to be passed through to interest rates on loans to households and businesses, in stark contrast to the outcome in other developed economies.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Case Study on Tupperware Essay

1.0 Introduction In this report I will be analyzing a case study on Tupperware. I will be identifying the main problems faced by Tupperware and recommending solutions that could be used to help Tupperware. Tupperware was developed in the 1940’s by Earl Tupper. They consisted of various types of plastic containers used in households to contain food and keep it airtight. As innovative as the product was it was not an instant hit. The target market was woman and they were not buying the product and this meant that a different approach had to be taken in order to induce sales and get the product known. This led to the beginning of the Tupperware party as a sales tool. The Tupperware party was a gathering of women mainly housewives who came together to socialize but with Tupperware available for sale. This proved to be a useful sales technique. In the 1950’s the product was a perfect fit for women most being full-time homemakers which allowed them to be able pack food and  leftovers for long periods of time. However since Tupperware was not sold in the stores in meant that women and housewives alike had to had to attend Tupperware parties in order to purchase them. In the 60’s and 70’s Tupperware sales increased dramatically. This was because the lifestyle of most women at the time suited a product like Tupperware, also coupled with the Tupperware parties which were a huge hit in the era. In the 80’s there was a there was a decline in sales, this according to the Tupperware ladies, may have been due to increase in divorces, childless, women being single and more independent. Tupperware maintains a reasonable market share internationally but has since seen a decline in both market share and sales domestically and struggles to find appropriate marketing strategies to implement. 2.0 S.W.O.T Analysis A SWOT analysis is an analytical method, which is used to identify and categorize significant internal factors (i.e. strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (i.e. opportunities and threats) an organization faces. I will be looking at the SWOT analysis for Tupperware and using it to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that Tupperware have. 2.1 Strengths – Tupperware had a new innovative product at the time. – Tupperware at the time had a specific target market i.e. Housewives. – Tupperware was a perfect fit for the 1950’s due to many women being homemakers – Tupperware parties were the only way to buy the products making them exclusive to other businesses. – Tupperware used their parties as a form of promotion by having games and giving out gifts. – Tupperware has high customer loyalty – Between the 1950’s and 1970’s Tupperware was highly profitable 2.2 Weaknesses – Tupperware has not been able to preserve a way of life. – Tupperware was a new and unknown product so when it came out there was no interest in it. – Tupperware could only be sold at Tupperware parties unlike other competitive products that were being sold in stores. 2.3 Opportunities – In the past Tupperware could have sold their products in stores rather than just Tupperware parties. – Increase profitability by increasing marketing and advertising. – Increase domestic sales of Tupperware 2.4 Threats – Competition from other companies like Rubbermaid. – Changing environment and lifestyle. 3.0 The 5 p’s of the Marketing Mix for Tupperware The 5 p’s of the Marketing mix that I will be looking at in relation to Tupperware include product, promotion, price, place, people. 3.1 Product Tupperware consists of various types of plastic containers used in households to contain food and keep it airtight. Tupperware products were innovative when they came out. The quality of the product is said to be high and very effective in its use. The availability of Tupperware products was limited as you could only buy them from the Tupperware parties. 3.2 Promotion Tupperware was promoted through the Tupperware parties that were held in different locations. This was their main form of promotion. In the Tupperware parties they also used social events, like games, were they gave gifts in order to increase awareness of the product. Tupperware also used Tupperware ladies to market their products directly to the customers. 3.3 Price Tupperware products according to loyal customers are â€Å"high in quality and a  price to match†. So Tupperware products are expensive. 3.4 Place Tupperware products can only be bought at Tupperware parties. Any returns would have to be done in person. 3.5 People The people who were involved in the marketing, sales and customer service of Tupperware were the Tupperware ladies and dealers. 4.0Marketing Solutions and Recommendations In terms of the actual product, customers felt that it was of high quality and had the features and usability expected, therefore it may not be necessary to change or improve these things. However brand image can be increased by advertising and marketing. Availability of the product and customer service can be improved by employing more Tupperware ladies and dealers. Tupperware already used Tupperware parties as a form of promoting both the products and party itself. I think Tupperware could improve their branding and public relations by increasing advertising and marketing campaigns that directly target the intended customers. Tupperware products even though of high quality are expensive. Tupperware could increase customer loyalty by reducing prices and introducing promotional campaigns that make the products more affordable. Tupperware can also help customers by introducing discounts, payment methods and free value added incentives. Tupperware can improve customer service and support by increasing the number of Tupperware ladies and dealers. Tupperware can also widen their scope by creating different channels or mediums that can help increase awareness, brand imaging, increase profits and customer loyalty. Finally I think Tupperware should increase the number of dedicated Tupperware ladies and dealers. This can be done by increasing the level of training which will increase the level of skill that the Tupperware ladies and dealers have. This will increase the number of Tupperware parties available which will increase sales and profits. Customer loyalty will also increase as direct customer service increases. 5.0 Conclusion As shown in the report I have analyzed and identified areas that have problems within Tupperware and I believe that I have shown that certain solution can be implemented in order to help increase sale, profits, customer loyalty and the overall service provided by Tupperware. 6.0 References Pride, W. M., Ferrell, O. C., Lucas, B. A., Schrembri, S., & Niinnen, O. (2012). Marketing Principles: Asia Pacific Edition. (1st ed.). South Melbourne: Cengage Learning Australia. Pride, W. M., & Ferrell, O. C. (2013). Foundations of Marketing (5th ed.). Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Cell Phones Essay Example for Free (#2)

Cell Phones Essay Cell phones are the way of life today. In the US, little kids are carrying around the newest iPhone versions. Closing the digital divide requires studying and learning about the country’s needs and capabilities of upgrading to the digital world. There are countries that are financially unable to afford a cell phone, but it should be the cell phone companies that should be able to work around various prices for cell phones. For example, in the U.S. the iPhone is taking over and consumers require the latest technologies. As the phones get older, companies should send those phones to less developed countries in an effort to grow the digital market and close the digital divide. As the article mentions, India leads the way with 756 million subscribers, while being a developing country. All it takes is an introduction to the country and cell phones begin to spread like wildfire. They market themselves once introduced in a country at a reasonable price. If the price is too much for a single family to afford, the family can set goals to attain a cell phone in the future. Either way, cell phones sell themselves. â€Å"To get a sense of how rapidly cell phones are penetrating the global marketplace, you need only to look at the sales figures. According to statistics from the market database Wireless Intelligence, it took about 20 years for the first billion mobile phones to sell worldwide. The second billion sold in four years, and the third billion sold in two. Eighty percent of the world’s population now lives within range of a cellular network, which is double the level in 2000† (Corbett, 2008). In 2008, these statistics show that cell phone market was on a rise. Since iPhone’s introduction in 2007, the cell phone market has grown even more substantially, especially in the U.S. I can speak for the ever-increasing mobile service in India as even rickshaw drivers who make about 50 rupees (about $1.25) in two hours are carrying a cell phone. Companies such as Obopay and Moka are transforming the service provider payment plan to pay as to go in various countries. â€Å"Obopay, for instance, is enabling third-world countries including India to receive and send payments via text message, while Moka provides language translations, such as English to Chinese† . This is a way to close the divide. If a family cannot afford to pay a consistent wage every month for a cell phone, companies such as Obopay are able to provide the pay as you go plan. Families and individuals in India pay as they go, they utilize their cell phones, as they need to, according to how much they are able to afford. Through these payment plans, cell phone companies can sell their phones to a mass audience in large countries like India and China. One company that has millions of customers in third world countries is Nokia. â€Å"There are entire chunks of the planet where Nokia has a virtual monopoly because no other manufacturer even wants to compete† . With the iPhone and Android dominating the U.S. market, Nokia has found its niche in third-world countries. The countries where consumers cannot yet afford the newest iPhone are turning to Nokia. They have positioned themselves as #1 ahead of Samsung, Apple, Motorola and anyone else. This is because they saw a market opportunity and are utilizing the need for cell phones around the world. The U.S. may be looking for new technology, but to the third world countries, simple Nokia phones are new technology. Corbett, S. (2008, April 13). Can the Cell Phone Help End Global Poverty. Retrieved April 18, 2012, from NYTimes: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/13/magazine/13anthropology-t.html?pagewanted=all Openshaw, J. (2009, May 24). Mobile Phones: Key To Developing Nations. Retrieved April 18, 2012, from Huffington Post: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/23/mobile-phones-key-to-deve_n_190809.html Raby, M. (2012, January 30). Nokia still top mobile phone maker. Retrieved April 18, 2012, from TG Daily: http://www.tgdaily.com/mobility-brief/61102-nokia-still-top-mobile-phone-maker Cell Phones. (2017, Jan 19).

Tuesday, October 8, 2019

Refutation in Thelogical Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Refutation in Thelogical Religion - Essay Example futation of religion does not involve only a refutation of theories regarding God and his kingdom but it necessarily involves a refutation to all possible authorities at once. Dostoevsky finds Nihilism to be the only alternative of religion and thus he supports a religious anarchy as a system which may allow human beings to dwell on earth with a piece that he compares to heavenly kingdom. However, on the other hand, handing over complete political authority to church had already shows threatening result which Dostoevsky himself had seen and considered as a result of political and economical lust in theological authorities which must choose to refute all worldly facilities and charms in order to sit on an authoritative position in religion. Compared to religious view of Dostoevsky, Freud and Sartre- who had borrowed a large part of their theories from Dostoevsky- proposed two analytical alternatives to understand the theory of religion. In his Origin of religion, Freud examines the idea for why men must find out a God whatever his situations are. In Brothers Karamazov Dostoevsky mentions there things that are necessary to mankind other than the Heavenly Bread of Bible, those are: Mystery, Miracle and Authority. Freud chooses authority as the reason why men always look for a superior creature that must be controlling at least some of his fate, if not all at once. Parallel to this idea, (Sartre) describes his theory of ‘bad faith’ to explain for how human being is infinitely free to choose just anything that he is afraid of his freedom and he seeks for a surrender to anything that provide him an alternative of facing his infinite freedom. As most of the empirical theories, including science, necessarily fails to describe about the nature of consciousness (or soul, spirit), the necessity of laws in nature and secret of life, people find out religion as providing them a shelter from their naked responsibility to find out a meaning in their existence. Resultantly,